Case 32: In the photo below, the red Wayfarer has hit the mark. Assume that he will now pass it on the required side.

1. What do the Rules require Peter to do to exonerate himself?
2. Under what circumstances would he have to retire instead of taking a Penalty?

Answer:
1. Under rule 31 and 44.1, Peter is required to sail a One-Turn Penalty as follows: "After getting well clear of other boats as soon after the incident as possible, a boat takes a One-Turn or Two-Turns Penalty by promptly making the required number of turns in the same direction, each turn including one tack and one gybe."
2. If, by hitting the mark and doing a Penalty, Peter had "gained a significant advantage in the race or series", he would have had to retire from that race - see rule 44.1(b).

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